The effect of substrate composition on the activity of amylase and cellulase by Trichoderma harzianum strains under solid state fermentation

Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu(1*), Nathaniel Reinhart Silaban(2), Atit Kanti(3), I Made Sudiana(4)

(1) Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
(2) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya
(3) Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
(4) Microbiology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences-LIPI, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Trichoderma harzianum is a filamentous fungus that has been known to have biocontrol and plant growth-promoting ability. However, the propagation of this fungus particularly through solid state fermentation (SSF) and characterization of its enzyme activity as one the indicator of quality of fermentation process are still needed to be explored further. Rice grain and its derivative products have economically as well as nutrient composition features beneficial as substrates of fungal propagation through SSF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of white rice, rice bran, and combination of white rice and rice bran on the activity of amylase and cellulase by Trichoderma harzianum strains under SSF. Two strains of the fungus, InaCC F116 and InaCC F89, as well as their consortium were employed as fungal inoculants. After closed fermentation in dark chamber at 30 ± 1°C for 7 days, the activity of amylolytic as well as cellulolytic enzyme was assayed. The result showed that the presence of rice bran as a substrate increased the activity of crude amylase and crude cellulase. In all substrates, the strain F116 has low activity of both enzymes. The fungal consortium improves the activity of crude enzymes in all substrates. Therefore, the amylase and cellulase activity by T. harzianum in SSF condition were strain- as well as substrate-dependent.

Keywords


amylase, cellulase, solid state fermentation, Trichoderma

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdel-Fattah GM, Shabana YM, Ismail AE, & Rashad YM. 2007. Trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol agent against Bipolaris oryzae. Mycopathologia 164(2), 81–89. DOI:10.1007/s11046-007-9032-9

Al-ZaZaee MMA, Neelgund S, Gurumurthy DM, & Rajeshwara AN. 2011. Identification, characterization of novel halophilic Bacillus cereus Ms6: A source for extra cellular a-amylase. Advances in Environmental Biology.

Altomare C, Norvell WA, Björkman T, & Harman GE. 1999. Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65(7), 2926-2933.

Barrios-González J, & Tarragó-Castellanos MR. 2017. Solid-State Fermentation: Special Physiology of Fungi. Fungal Metabolites, 319–347. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-25001-4_6

Bradáčová K, Florea A, Bar-Tal A, Minz D, Yermiyahu U, Shawahna R, … Poşta G. 2019. Microbial Consortia versus Single-Strain Inoculants: An Advantage in PGPM-Assisted Tomato Production? Agronomy, 9(2), 105. DOI:10.3390/agronomy9020105

Bush DS, Sticher L, Van Huystee R, Wagner D, & Jones RL. 1989. The calcium requirement for stability and enzymatic activity of two isoforms of barley aleurone alpha-amylase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264(32), 19392-19398.

Divakaran D, Chandran A, & Pratap Chandran R. 2011. Comparative study on production of α-Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis strains. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42(4), 1397–1404. DOI:10.1590/s1517-83822011000400022

Eggum BO, Juliano BO, & Maningat CC. 1982. Protein and energy utilization of rice milling fractions by rats. Qualitas Plantarum Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 31(4), 371–376. DOI:10.1007/bf01094048

Gajera HP, & Vakharia DN. 2012. Production of lytic enzymes by Trichoderma isolates during in vitro antagonism with Aspergillus niger, the causal agent of collar rot of peanut. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 43(1), 43–52. DOI:10.1590/s1517-83822012000100005

Khaledi N, & Taheri P. 2016. Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum against soybean charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56(1), 21–31. :10DOI.1515/jppr-2016-0004

Khan JA, & Yadav SK. 2011. Production of Alpha Amylases by Aspergillus niger using Cheaper Substrates Employing Solid State Fermentation. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences 1(3), 100–108.

Meijer W, Marugg JD, & Hugenholtz J. 1996. Regulation of proteolytic enzyme activity in Lactococcus lactis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62(1), 156-161.

Mrudula S, & Murugammal R. 2011. Production of cellulase by Aspergillus niger under submerged and solid state fermentation using coir waste as a substrate. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 42(3), 1119–1127. DOI:10.1590/s1517-83822011000300033

Nadda AK. 2001. Lipase Production in Solid-State Fermentation (SSF): Recent Developments and Biotechnological Applications. Analytical Biochemistry. DOI:10.1006/abio.2001.5032

Napitupulu TP, Ilyas M, Kanti A, and Sudiana IM. 2019. In vitro evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum strains for the control of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Plant Pathology & Quarantine 9(1), 152–159. DOI:10.5943/ppq/9/1/13

Napitupulu TP, Kanti A, & Sudiana IM. 2019. Evaluation of the Environmental Factors Modulating Indole-3-acetic Acid (IAA) Production by Trichoderma harzianum InaCC F88. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 308, 012060. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/308/1/012060

Saqib AAN, & Whitney PJ. 2011. Differential behaviour of the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent towards mono- and di-saccharide sugars. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(11), 4748–4750. DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.09.013

Soccol CR, da Costa ESF, Letti LAJ, Karp SG, Woiciechowski AL, & de Souza Vandenberghe LP. 2017. Recent developments and innovations in solid state fermentation. Biotechnology Research and Innovation 1(1), 52-71.

Varalakshmi KN, Kumudini BS, Nandini BN, Solomon J, Suhas R, Mahesh B, & Kavitha AP. 2009. Production and Characterization of a-Amylase from Aspergillus niger JGI 24 Isolated in Bangalore. Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologów Polish Society of Microbiologists 58(1), 29-36..

Vargas WA, Mandawe JC, & Kenerley CM. 2009. Plant-Derived Sucrose Is a Key Element in the Symbiotic Association between Trichoderma virens and Maize Plants. Plant Physiology, 151(2), 792–808. DOI:10.1104/pp.109.141291

Vinale F, Nigro M, Sivasithamparam K, Flematti G, Ghisalberti EL, Ruocco M, … Lorito M. 2013. Harzianic acid: a novel siderophore from Trichoderma harzianum. FEMS Microbiology Letters, n/a–n/a. DOI:10.1111/1574-6968.12231




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37604/jmsb.v1i2.26

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 269 | views : 92

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal of Microbial Systematics and Biotechnology Indexed By:


Copyright © 2019 by Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC), Research Center for Biology
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Cibinong Science Center (CSC), Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46 Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia
Telp. +62-21-8761356, Fax. +62-21-8761357
Available online: https://www.e-jmsb.id
E-mail: editor@e-jmsb.id
e-ISSN 2685-4430